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You have full access to this open access article. While dietary salt intake has been linked with gastric cancer risk in Asian studies, findings from Western populations are sparse and limited to case—control studies. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of adding salt to food at table in relation to gastric cancer risk among UK adults. Frequency of adding salt to food was obtained from a touchscreen questionnaire completed at baseline — Cancer incidence was obtained by linkage to national cancer registries.
During a median follow-up period of High frequency of adding salt to food at table can potentially serve as a useful indicator of salt intake for surveillance purposes and a basis for devising easy-to-understand public health messages. Gastric cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer globally [ 1 ], with the highest prevalence in Asia, followed by Eastern Europe and Latin Americas [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Gastric cancer risk increases with age and is more prevalent in males, while other factors that increase risk include tobacco and alcohol use, Helicobacter pylori H.
The role of dietary salt intake in gastric cancer risk has been widely investigated, yet the evidence is inconclusive [ 11 , 12 ]. Some studies hypothesize its role in disrupting stomach mucosa and making it more susceptible to H.
Salt may also increase gastric cancer risk via mechanisms independent of H. While there is strong evidence on the role of consumption of some salt-preserved foods in gastric cancer aetiology, data on intakes of added or total salt yielded mixed results, with the majority of studies conducted in Asian populations with higher gastric cancer prevalence [ 12 ]. While a number of formulae for estimating h urinary sodium from spot urines, including INTERSALT, Kawasaki and Tanaka, are widely used as indicators of sodium intake, they have been criticized for differential misclassification e.